Basic Life Support (BLS) Practice Exam

In opioid overdose assessment, what does the opioid overdose triad include?

1. Respiratory depression, elevated heart rate, and confusion

2. Pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and unconsciousness or severe sleepiness

3. Fever, anxiety, and increased alertness

4. Unconsciousness, seizures, and hypertension

The correct answer is: Pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and unconsciousness or severe sleepiness

The opioid overdose triad is a well-established set of clinical signs that are critical for identifying an opioid overdose. This triad consists of pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and unconsciousness or severe sleepiness. Pinpoint pupils, also known as miosis, are a hallmark sign of opioid use and overdose. Unlike other conditions, where pupils may be dilated or reactive to light, in opioid overdose, the pupils constrict significantly. Respiratory depression is another key sign. Opioids can depress the respiratory system, leading to a slowed or shallow breathing pattern, which significantly increases the risk of hypoxia and can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. Lastly, the presence of unconsciousness or severe sleepiness indicates that the person is not fully responsive, which is a critical state requiring immediate medical attention. This can manifest as a decreased level of consciousness or an inability to wake the individual. In combination, these symptoms form a recognizable pattern that helps healthcare providers quickly identify an opioid overdose and initiate appropriate life-saving interventions, such as the administration of naloxone. Understanding this triad is essential for proper assessment and response in cases of suspected opioid overdose.