Basic Life Support (BLS) Practice Exam

What immediate action is required if a victim shows signs of respiratory distress while not having a pulse?

1. Initiate chest compressions

2. Start rescue breaths

3. Call 911 for assistance

4. Use an AED on the victim

The correct answer is: Initiate chest compressions

In a scenario where a victim shows signs of respiratory distress but does not have a pulse, the most critical immediate action is to initiate chest compressions. This is because the absence of a pulse indicates that the heart is not effectively circulating blood, which is essential for providing oxygen to the body, including the brain and vital organs. When a person exhibits respiratory distress, they may not be able to take in sufficient oxygen, leading to a lack of oxygen in the bloodstream. If there's no pulse, this situation is critical and requires prompt action to occlude the need for blood flow, even if rescue breaths could be helpful in a different context. Chest compressions serve to create artificial circulation, which helps deliver whatever limited oxygen may still be present in the bloodstream to the vital organs. By focusing on providing chest compressions, you enhance the likelihood of preserving the victim’s brain function and increase their chances of survival until emergency medical services arrive or until a more definitive intervention can be provided. Other actions like calling for assistance or using an AED are important but secondary given the more pressing need for immediate circulation in this situation.