Basic Life Support (BLS) Practice Exam

Which findings are most indicative of an opioid overdose?

1. Cyanosis and elevated blood pressure

2. Unconsciousness, pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression

3. Rash and fever

4. Steady heartbeat and high energy levels

The correct answer is: Unconsciousness, pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression

The findings that are most indicative of an opioid overdose include unconsciousness, pinpoint pupils, and respiratory depression. Unconsciousness refers to the state where an individual is not responsive and cannot be awakened. This is a critical sign of a severe opioid effect since opioids primarily disrupt the central nervous system's capacity to maintain consciousness. Pinpoint pupils, which are extremely constricted pupils, are a classic sign of opioid use. Opioids have a direct effect on the eye's pupil size, and pinpoint pupils are often seen in cases of opioid overdose, distinguishing it from other types of drug intoxication. Respiratory depression is another significant indicator, as opioids can suppress the respiratory drive leading to dangerously low breathing rates or even cessation of breathing. This can quickly become life-threatening, as adequate ventilation is essential to provide oxygen to the body. Together, these symptoms create a clinical picture that is strongly associated with opioid overdose, requiring immediate emergency intervention to reverse the effects and restore normal respiratory function.